```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>分布式系统：心跳机制与健康检查</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/font-awesome/6.4.0/css/all.min.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/tailwindcss/2.2.19/tailwind.min.css">
    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Noto+Serif+SC:wght@400;500;600;700&family=Noto+Sans+SC:wght@300;400;500;700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mermaid@latest/dist/mermaid.min.js"></script>
    <style>
        body {
            font-family: 'Noto Sans SC', Tahoma, Arial, Roboto, "Droid Sans", "Helvetica Neue", "Droid Sans Fallback", "Heiti SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", Simsun, sans-serif;
            color: #333;
            line-height: 1.6;
        }
        h1, h2, h3, h4 {
            font-family: 'Noto Serif SC', serif;
            font-weight: 600;
        }
        .hero {
            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #6B73FF 0%, #000DFF 100%);
            color: white;
        }
        .card {
            transition: all 0.3s ease;
            box-shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
        }
        .card:hover {
            transform: translateY(-5px);
            box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
        }
        .feature-icon {
            font-size: 2.5rem;
            color: #4F46E5;
        }
        .nav-link {
            position: relative;
        }
        .nav-link::after {
            content: '';
            position: absolute;
            width: 0;
            height: 2px;
            bottom: -2px;
            left: 0;
            background-color: #4F46E5;
            transition: width 0.3s;
        }
        .nav-link:hover::after {
            width: 100%;
        }
        .drop-cap::first-letter {
            float: left;
            font-size: 4rem;
            line-height: 0.65;
            margin: 0.1em 0.2em 0 0;
            color: #4F46E5;
            font-weight: bold;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body class="bg-gray-50">
    <!-- Navigation -->
    <nav class="bg-white shadow-sm sticky top-0 z-50">
        <div class="max-w-6xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8">
            <div class="flex justify-between h-16">
                <div class="flex items-center">
                    <span class="text-xl font-bold text-indigo-600">分布式系统</span>
                </div>
                <div class="hidden md:flex items-center space-x-8">
                    <a href="#heartbeat" class="nav-link text-gray-700 hover:text-indigo-600">心跳机制</a>
                    <a href="#healthcheck" class="nav-link text-gray-700 hover:text-indigo-600">健康检查</a>
                    <a href="#visualization" class="nav-link text-gray-700 hover:text-indigo-600">可视化</a>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </nav>

    <!-- Hero Section -->
    <section class="hero py-20">
        <div class="max-w-6xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8">
            <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row items-center">
                <div class="md:w-1/2 mb-10 md:mb-0">
                    <h1 class="text-4xl md:text-5xl font-bold mb-6">分布式系统的生命线</h1>
                    <p class="text-xl mb-8 opacity-90">心跳机制与健康检查是确保系统可靠性和高可用性的核心技术</p>
                    <div class="flex space-x-4">
                        <a href="#heartbeat" class="bg-white text-indigo-600 px-6 py-3 rounded-lg font-medium hover:bg-gray-100 transition duration-300">探索心跳机制</a>
                        <a href="#healthcheck" class="bg-indigo-700 text-white px-6 py-3 rounded-lg font-medium hover:bg-indigo-800 transition duration-300">了解健康检查</a>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="md:w-1/2">
                    <div class="bg-white bg-opacity-10 p-8 rounded-xl backdrop-filter backdrop-blur-sm">
                        <div class="flex flex-col space-y-4">
                            <div class="flex items-center">
                                <div class="w-10 h-10 bg-white rounded-full flex items-center justify-center mr-4">
                                    <i class="fas fa-heartbeat text-indigo-600"></i>
                                </div>
                                <span class="text-lg font-medium">实时监控节点状态</span>
                            </div>
                            <div class="flex items-center">
                                <div class="w-10 h-10 bg-white rounded-full flex items-center justify-center mr-4">
                                    <i class="fas fa-shield-alt text-indigo-600"></i>
                                </div>
                                <span class="text-lg font-medium">快速故障检测与恢复</span>
                            </div>
                            <div class="flex items-center">
                                <div class="w-10 h-10 bg-white rounded-full flex items-center justify-center mr-4">
                                    <i class="fas fa-chart-line text-indigo-600"></i>
                                </div>
                                <span class="text-lg font-medium">系统高可用性保障</span>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </section>

    <!-- Main Content -->
    <main class="max-w-6xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8 py-12">
        <!-- Heartbeat Section -->
        <section id="heartbeat" class="mb-20">
            <div class="flex items-center mb-10">
                <div class="w-12 h-12 bg-indigo-100 rounded-full flex items-center justify-center mr-4">
                    <i class="fas fa-heartbeat text-indigo-600 text-xl"></i>
                </div>
                <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold">心跳机制</h2>
            </div>
            
            <div class="grid md:grid-cols-2 gap-8 mb-12">
                <div class="bg-white p-8 rounded-xl card">
                    <h3 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">什么是心跳机制？</h3>
                    <p class="text-gray-700 mb-6">心跳机制是一种定期发送信号（"心跳"）以检查系统或服务的健康状态的技术。这些信号是定期发送的消息，通常由服务节点或实例发送给中央监控系统或其他节点，以表明其仍然在正常运行。</p>
                    <div class="flex items-center text-indigo-600 font-medium">
                        <span>了解更多</span>
                        <i class="fas fa-arrow-right ml-2"></i>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="bg-white p-8 rounded-xl card">
                    <h3 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">心跳机制的作用</h3>
                    <ul class="space-y-3 text-gray-700">
                        <li class="flex items-start">
                            <i class="fas fa-check-circle text-indigo-500 mt-1 mr-2"></i>
                            <span>故障检测：通过接收和监控心跳消息，可以及时发现节点的故障或异常</span>
                        </li>
                        <li class="flex items-start">
                            <i class="fas fa-check-circle text-indigo-500 mt-1 mr-2"></i>
                            <span>系统负载监控：可以监控节点的健康状况和负载情况</span>
                        </li>
                        <li class="flex items-start">
                            <i class="fas fa-check-circle text-indigo-500 mt-1 mr-2"></i>
                            <span>自动故障恢复：一旦检测到节点故障，可以自动执行故障恢复操作</span>
                        </li>
                    </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
            
            <h3 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-6">如何设计高效的心跳机制？</h3>
            <div class="grid md:grid-cols-3 gap-6">
                <div class="bg-white p-6 rounded-lg shadow-sm border-l-4 border-indigo-500">
                    <div class="text-indigo-500 mb-3">
                        <i class="fas fa-clock text-2xl"></i>
                    </div>
                    <h4 class="font-semibold text-lg mb-2">心跳频率</h4>
                    <p class="text-gray-600">设定适当的心跳发送频率，平衡网络负载和故障检测延迟</p>
                </div>
                <div class="bg-white p-6 rounded-lg shadow-sm border-l-4 border-indigo-500">
                    <div class="text-indigo-500 mb-3">
                        <i class="fas fa-stopwatch text-2xl"></i>
                    </div>
                    <h4 class="font-semibold text-lg mb-2">超时机制</h4>
                    <p class="text-gray-600">配置合理的超时时间，与心跳频率相匹配</p>
                </div>
                <div class="bg-white p-6 rounded-lg shadow-sm border-l-4 border-indigo-500">
                    <div class="text-indigo-500 mb-3">
                        <i class="fas fa-envelope text-2xl"></i>
                    </div>
                    <h4 class="font-semibold text-lg mb-2">消息设计</h4>
                    <p class="text-gray-600">确保心跳消息简洁且包含足够的状态信息</p>
                </div>
                <div class="bg-white p-6 rounded-lg shadow-sm border-l-4 border-indigo-500">
                    <div class="text-indigo-500 mb-3">
                        <i class="fas fa-exclamation-triangle text-2xl"></i>
                    </div>
                    <h4 class="font-semibold text-lg mb-2">失败处理</h4>
                    <p class="text-gray-600">设计心跳失败时的处理流程，如告警、重启等</p>
                </div>
                <div class="bg-white p-6 rounded-lg shadow-sm border-l-4 border-indigo-500">
                    <div class="text-indigo-500 mb-3">
                        <i class="fas fa-redo text-2xl"></i>
                    </div>
                    <h4 class="font-semibold text-lg mb-2">冗余机制</h4>
                    <p class="text-gray-600">采用多重心跳机制提高故障检测的可靠性</p>
                </div>
            </div>
        </section>

        <!-- Health Check Section -->
        <section id="healthcheck" class="mb-20">
            <div class="flex items-center mb-10">
                <div class="w-12 h-12 bg-green-100 rounded-full flex items-center justify-center mr-4">
                    <i class="fas fa-heartbeat text-green-600 text-xl"></i>
                </div>
                <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold">健康检查</h2>
            </div>
            
            <div class="grid md:grid-cols-2 gap-8 mb-12">
                <div class="bg-white p-8 rounded-xl card">
                    <h3 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">什么是健康检查？</h3>
                    <p class="text-gray-700 mb-6 drop-cap">健康检查是系统用来评估服务或节点是否处于正常运行状态的过程。健康检查通常包括检查服务的可用性、性能和稳定性。</p>
                    <div class="flex items-center text-green-600 font-medium">
                        <span>了解更多</span>
                        <i class="fas fa-arrow-right ml-2"></i>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="bg-white p-8 rounded-xl card">
                    <h3 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">健康检查的作用</h3>
                    <ul class="space-y-3 text-gray-700">
                        <li class="flex items-start">
                            <i class="fas fa-check-circle text-green-500 mt-1 mr-2"></i>
                            <span>实时监控：实时监控服务的健康状态，确保服务的高可用性</span>
                        </li>
                        <li class="flex items-start">
                            <i class="fas fa-check-circle text-green-500 mt-1 mr-2"></i>
                            <span>自动故障转移：在检测到服务不可用时，自动将流量转移</span>
                        </li>
                        <li class="flex items-start">
                            <i class="fas fa-check-circle text-green-500 mt-1 mr-2"></i>
                            <span>负载均衡：确保负载均衡器只将流量分配给健康的服务实例</span>
                        </li>
                    </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
            
            <h3 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-6">健康检查类型</h3>
            <div class="grid md:grid-cols-2 gap-6 mb-10">
                <div class="bg-white p-6 rounded-xl border border-gray-200">
                    <div class="flex items-center mb-4">
                        <div class="w-10 h-10 bg-green-100 rounded-full flex items-center justify-center mr-4">
                            <i class="fas fa-heart text-green-600"></i>
                        </div>
                        <h4 class="font-semibold text-lg">存活检查（Liveness Check）</h4>
                    </div>
                    <p class="text-gray-700">检查服务是否仍然运行。例如，通过 HTTP 请求检查服务是否响应。</p>
                </div>
                <div class="bg-white p-6 rounded-xl border border-gray-200">
                    <div class="flex items-center mb-4">
                        <div class="w-10 h-10 bg-blue-100 rounded-full flex items-center justify-center mr-4">
                            <i class="fas fa-check-circle text-blue-600"></i>
                        </div>
                        <h4 class="font-semibold text-lg">就绪检查（Readiness Check）</h4>
                    </div>
                    <p class="text-gray-700">检查服务是否准备好处理请求。例如，检查服务是否已加载必要的数据或依赖项。</p>
                </div>
            </div>
            
            <h3 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-6">设计高效健康检查的关键要素</h3>
            <div class="grid md:grid-cols-3 gap-6">
                <div class="bg-white p-6 rounded-lg shadow-sm border-l-4 border-green-500">
                    <div class="text-green-500 mb-3">
                        <i class="fas fa-search text-2xl"></i>
                    </div>
                    <h4 class="font-semibold text-lg mb-2">检查方法</h4>
                    <p class="text-gray-600">HTTP检查、TCP检查或自定义检查逻辑</p>
                </div>
                <div class="bg-white p-6 rounded-lg shadow-sm border-l-4 border-green-500">
                    <div class="text-green-500 mb-3">
                        <i class="fas fa-sliders-h text-2xl"></i>
                    </div>
                    <h4 class="font-semibold text-lg mb-2">频率与策略</h4>
                    <p class="text-gray-600">设置适当的检查频率和超时重试策略</p>
                </div>
                <div class="bg-white p-6 rounded-lg shadow-sm border-l-4 border-green-500">
                    <div class="text-green-500 mb-3">
                        <i class="fas fa-bell text-2xl"></i>
                    </div>
                    <h4 class="font-semibold text-lg mb-2">告警通知</h4>
                    <p class="text-gray-600">健康检查失败时触发告警通知</p>
                </div>
                <div class="bg-white p-6 rounded-lg shadow-sm border-l-4 border-green-500">
                    <div class="text-green-500 mb-3">
                        <i class="fas fa-chart-pie text-2xl"></i>
                    </div>
                    <h4 class="font-semibold text-lg mb-2">可视化</h4>
                    <p class="text-gray-600">提供健康检查结果的可视化报告</p>
                </div>
                <div class="bg-white p-6 rounded-lg shadow-sm border-l-4 border-green-500">
                    <div class="text-green-500 mb-3">
                        <i class="fas fa-link text-2xl"></i>
                    </div>
                    <h4 class="font-semibold text-lg mb-2">集成监控</h4>
                    <p class="text-gray-600">与Prometheus、Grafana等监控工具集成</p>
                </div>
                <div class="bg-white p-6 rounded-lg shadow-sm border-l-4 border-green-500">
                    <div class="text-green-500 mb-3">
                        <i class="fas fa-bolt text-2xl"></i>
                    </div>
                    <h4 class="font-semibold text-lg mb-2">性能影响</h4>
                    <p class="text-gray-600">最小化健康检查对服务性能的影响</p>
                </div>
            </div>
        </section>

        <!-- Visualization Section -->
        <section id="visualization" class="mb-20">
            <div class="flex items-center mb-10">
                <div class="w-12 h-12 bg-purple-100 rounded-full flex items-center justify-center mr-4">
                    <i class="fas fa-project-diagram text-purple-600 text-xl"></i>
                </div>
                <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold">心跳与健康检查的关系</h2>
            </div>
            
            <div class="bg-white p-6 rounded-xl">
                <div class="mermaid">
                    %%{init: {'theme': 'base', 'themeVariables': { 'primaryColor': '#ffffff'}}}%%
                    flowchart TD
                        A[分布式系统] --> B[心跳机制]
                        A --> C[健康检查]
                        B --> D[定期信号发送]
                        B --> E[故障检测]
                        B --> F[自动恢复]
                        C --> G[服务状态评估]
                        C --> H[故障转移]
                        C --> I[负载均衡]
                        D & G --> J[系统高可用]
                        E & H --> K[快速故障响应]
                        F & I --> L[服务连续性]
                </div>
            </div>
        </section>
    </main>

    <!-- Footer -->
    <footer class="bg-gray-900 text-gray-300 py-12">
        <div class="max-w-6xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8">
            <div class="text-center">
                <h3 class="text-xl font-semibold text-white mb-4">技术小馆</h3>
                <p class="mb-4">探索分布式系统设计的奥秘</p>
                <a href="http://www.yuque.com/jtostring" class="text-indigo-400 hover:text-white transition duration-300">
                    http://www.yuque.com/jtostring
                </a>
            </div>
        </div>
    </footer>

    <script>
        mermaid.initialize({
            startOnLoad: true,
            theme: 'default',
            flowchart: {
                useMaxWidth: true,
                htmlLabels: true,
                curve: 'basis'
            }
        });
    </script>
</body>
</html>
```